So, the government after I save the world, huh? Well, I can't answer unless we assume I am alive, so for the sake of the question, I will assume I live to see this new government come into place.
This government will have two integral pieces. But first, before we begin to describe these things, there will be a Bill of Rights with certain inalienable rights that no one can trample upon. Secondly, this government is not an empire. The world is too big to be under the hands of one central authority. We will have firm sense of federalism. Federalism, for those of you don't know, is actually TWO sets of governments: you have the federal government and provincial/state governments running concurrently. In my government, however, the federal government will have the ability to override state governments in certain cases--thus, as we learned from the Civil War, the notion of "states' rights" does not make a stable government, so the central government's authority supersedes the states'.
The provincial governments shall be autonomous in nature. They can rule themselves however they see fit, be it a democracy or a monarchy. However, it is the federal government's duty to make sure no person's rights are infringed upon (spelled out in the Bill of Rights), no matter what kind of government a province has. For example, if a province's king--if it decided to be a monarchy--would not be allowed to commit genocide, and thus, the federal government would be obligated to move forward.
Provinces can have their own army. Ideally, this entire form of government would exist for centuries (maybe millennia), and it foolish that there would not be war in a Global Government. If provinces have disputes and they resolve to wage war, then they could. Government should not freeze into one particular state, for that would bring about its eventual destruction. A government must accept change as a very real force, as I do.
The federal government would be somewhat detached in this manner. All provinces are obligated to share a portion of their taxes to the federal government, to be determined by the first essential body for the federal and world government, The Council of Justice. Every province must provide a Judge to the Council--it is their voice on the world scale. Such a person can be appointed however the province sees fit, but some guidelines must be observed. The Judge must be versed in law and swear to the Hero of Ages to uphold justice and the world.
The Council is somewhat similar to a hybrid Supreme Court and Congress, though more a Supreme Court than a Congress. The Council hears disputes from citizens from different provinces, and has the final say in what is law and what is not. Unlike our current Supreme Court, federal laws must be approved by the Council before being enacted into law (unlike the current system where there must be a case and it can take a long time before an unlawful law is struck down).
The Council decides how to use its revenue, gathered by provincial governments.
They do not explicitly "create" law. The executive and/or legislative authority is vested into a body as 3/4ths of the provinces see fit. This can take many forms, such as a monarch or a Congress. However, I, as the Hero of Ages, prefer a Philosopher King approach. These kings would have decades of training in all manners of subjects, such as law, warfare, politics, mathematics, and science, much how Socrates described (see Plato's Republic, Book 7). Any person can go to the academy to be trained to be a philosopher king, but there are many stages of the process, and if you fail one stage, you cannot continue forth. Ideally, after the training is done, there would be a set of candidates for the Council of Justice to choose from. A Philosopher King does not rule his or her entire life, but rather for a term of ten years. After that, they must retire from political life entirely.
The Council chooses among the candidates who shall be king. A Judge can make his own opinion, or if his/her province is especially democratic, the province can compel the Judge to vote by the majority of the provincial citizens decide (note: this is similar to how the Electoral College works, only each province gets a single elector).
Once the King is chosen, he holds Executive authority and half of the Legislative authority. As a chief executive, he has powers similar to the President of the US. As a legislative body, he creates edicts. These edicts go into two varieties: binding and unbinding. Since the philosopher king must be inherently competent to become one, it is wise for citizens to follow his edicts even if they are unbinding--that is, not having the force of law. Unbinding edicts are like guidelines: wise to follow, but not steadfast.
All of the King's edicts still go to the Council of Justice, where the Judges determine if the edict should explicitly become law (a binding edict), if it can serve as a mere guideline, or should be struck down entirely. The King has the executive authority only as the Council gives it to him. The King's army, appropriated by the tax revenue the Council receives, cannot invade a province without the Council's explicit approval. An invasion, of course, would only be warranted if the government of said province was clearly defying the Bill of Rights.
So, those are the two primary branches of government. If the provinces do not like the idea of a King, they can form a different body which would serve a similar lawmaking function, as long as 3/4ths of the provinces ratify it.
However, there is one more government branch: my branch. As Hero of Ages, I have too much power to rule as a Philosopher King myself, nor could I be a Judge. I hold very little authority on day to day matters in government, for the betterment of the world. In the day to day matters of government, I only hold one function, and that is to hear petitions against the ruling bodies of the federal government. If a Judge is breaking the law, or a King has gone too power-hungry beyond the Council's control, I hear these petitions and make a ruling from there. My judgments have the force of law.
There is only one other function, one so dire that it requires my direct rule. It is... The Alien Contingency. If, for some unforeseen reason, there is another force in the world or from other worlds which invade us, I have the authority to organize an army and do anything and all things necessary to protect the citizens from the invaders.
So, there you have it. The Government of Ages, with a contingency in case aliens attack the world. That's certainly a new idea right there...
