Early in this thread it is surmised that Obsidian is likely as fragile as other forms of glass. This is certainly not true. Recalling the Wiki description, it is extrusive igneous rock. As silicon oxide becomes glass when melted, the source rock for obsidian turns to the glass form. But it is volcanic glass, and it's source material has far stronger a crystalline structure than silicon. Obsidian is extremely hard, and difficult to break. This is precisely why the inquisitors use it for their axes, they are strong, sharp, and non-metallic, therefore immune to allomantic pulling/pushing. Obsidian is used for weaponry and certain armor components in many fantasy stories, and indeed in historical cases as well.
The hardness and strength of obsidian could lead one to wonder about the "chipped into an irregular pattern" and such from Reen's bit of obsidian, but I've noted that a few folks have inadvertently translated "irregular pattern" as "strange design", or "unusual symbols". Beware the random misinterpretation, it will surely lead you astray. I think that when Brandon says "irregular pattern", that's all he means. It was simply an oddly shaped piece of a not terribly common volcanic rock. Something Vin would certainly hold onto after Reen's disappearance.